On December 3, 2024, the Energy Charter Conference adopted and approved the decisions on the modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) at the Statutory Session of its 35th Meeting. As IISD’s explainer sets out, the amendments set to take effect provisionally from September 3, 2025. However, countries have until March 3, 2025, to opt out of this provisional application. The amended ECT will enter into force on the ninetieth day after the deposit with the Depositary of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval by at least three-fourths of the Contracting Parties. The amendments and such changes and modifications shall enter into force between Contracting Parties having ratified, accepted or approved them. The modernization does not prevent the withdrawal of additional Contracting Parties from the treaty and both Ireland and Denmark have announced such an intention.